Summary of both Hiring Discrimination and Consumer Discrimination Studies in the National Basketball Association

Other Discrimination Studies	Dependent Variable	Years	Sample	Results
Kahn and Sherer (1988)	Draft Position	1985-86	226 players	Insignificant coefficient for race of player
Hoang and Rascher (1999)	Employment	1980-91	275 players	Significant (5%) negative coefficient for whites, implying whites are less likely to be cut from team.
McCormick and Tollison (2001)	Playing Time	1981-1988	2,481 players	Significant (1%) positive coefficient for black players, suggesting blacks receive more minutes than whites, ceteris paribus.
Burdekin, Hossfeld, and Smith (2005)	Percent of Team that is White	1990-91 to 1998-99	251 teams	Significant coefficient of percent white of SMSA population.  Coefficient is insignificant when only bench players are examined.
Kahane (2004)	Team Wins	1990-91 to 1998-99	251 teams	Insignificant coefficient for percentage of white players employed by the team.
Kahn and Sherer (1988)	Attendance	1980-86	138 teams	Significant (2%) positive coefficient for percentage of team members who are white.
Brown, Spiro, and Keenan (1991)	Attendance	1983-84	23 teams	Insignificant coefficient for black playing time.
Burdekin and Idson (1991)	Attendance	1980-86	131 teams	Significant (1%) positive coefficient for racial matching variable, implying teams increase attendance by employing more white players.
Hoang and Rascher (1999)	Attendance	1980-91	235 teams	Significant (1%) positive coefficient for racial matching variable, implying teams increase attendance by employing more white players.
McCormick and Tollison (2001)	Attendance	1981-1987	156 teams	Insignificant coefficient for ratio of white players to black players on the team, negative coefficient in cities with relatively larger African-American populations
Kanawawa and Funk (2001)	Nielsen ratings for televised NBA games	1996-97	258 games	Significant (1% and 10%) positive coefficient for number of white players on both local and visiting team.
Berri, Schmidt, and Brook (2004)	Gate Revenue	1992-93 to 1995-96	108 teams	Insignificant coefficient for racial matching variable.
Burdekin, Hossfeld, and Smith (2005)	Gate Revenue	1990-91 to 1998-99	251	Significant coefficient when racial composition of team is interacted with racial composition of city and time.

Source:   Berri, David J. (2005) “Economics and the National Basketball Association: Surveying the Literature at the Tip-off.”

in The Handbook of Sports Economics Research edited by John Fizel; M.E. Sharpe, Inc.: p. 23.