Summary of Studies of Wage Discrimination

in the National Basketball Association

Studies published from 1988-2004

Wage Discrimination Studies

Years

Sample

Results

Kahn and Sherer (1988)

1985-86

226 players

Significant (1%) positive coefficient for whites.

Koch and Vander Hill (1988)

1984-85

278 players

Significant (10%) positive coefficient for whites.

Wallace (1988)

1984-85

229 players

Significant (10%) positive coefficient for whites.

Brown, Spiro, and Keenan (1991)

1984-85

227 players

Significant (5%) negative coefficient for blacks.

Jenkins (1996)

1983-94

368 players

Insignificant race coefficient.

Dey (1997)

1987-89, 1990-93

1,306 players

Insignificant race coefficient.

Hamilton (1997)

1994-95

332 players

Quantile regression reveals evidence of a premium to white players at the upper-end of the income distribution.

Gius and Johnson (1998)

1996-97

328 players

Insignificant race coefficient.

Bodvarsson and Brastow (1998)

1990-91

151 players

Insignificant race coefficient.

Bodvarsson and Brastow (1999)

1985-86 and 1990-91

226 and 263 players

Significant race coefficient for the 1985-86 season, insignificant race coefficient for the 1990-91 campaign

Bodvarsson and Partridge (2001)

1985-86 and 1990-91

226 and 263 players

Evidence of co-worker discrimination by white players and customer discrimination by black fans.

Eschker, Perez, and Siegler (2004)

Separate Regression for each season from

1996-97 to 2001-02

Sample ranges from 330 to 368 players

Significant race coefficient from the 1998-99 season, insignificant in all other seasons.

Note: The descriptions of the first four studies are taken from Kahn (1991)

Source:   Berri, David J. (2005) “Economics and the National Basketball Association: Surveying the Literature at the Tip-off.”

in The Handbook of Sports Economics Research edited by John Fizel; M.E. Sharpe, Inc.: p. 23.